Inuit Sculpture

From East to West - a powerful group of historic Inuit sculpture, from several collections, where each stone’s spirit is revealed through strength, sensitivity, and flowing form.

“Carving…is something which Inuit do to earn their living and to show the world what kind of people they are…showing what is true….”

(Marybelle Myers, “In The Wake Of The Giant” in Blodgett, 18).

 

This collection showcases the remarkable depth and diversity of historic Inuit sculpture, featuring works by both recognized and anonymous artists. Together, these pieces reveal a tradition defined by expressive beauty, sensitivity, and strength.

Inuit sculptors, regardless of their region, share a profound respect for strong form, balanced volume, and the simplicity of line. They approach each stone with an awareness of its inherent character, seeking to harmonize its natural qualities with the vision of the creature or spirit within. Every stone carries its own message, and through skill and intuition, the sculptor reveals its inner form.

The result is a collection that not only celebrates the uniqueness of Inuit carving but also embodies its enduring vitality and artistry.


The collection draws from many settlements across the Canadian Arctic, each with its own distinctive carving stone and traditions.

Inukjuak, meaning “Giant” in Inuktitut, lies on the eastern shore of Hudson Bay. Artists here work with steatite and serpentine quarried 40 miles from the village. These stones allow for smooth carving and reveal the sculptor’s sensitivity to the material’s natural flow.

Cape Dorset is renowned for its serpentine, ranging in color from light yellow-green to deep black. Though hard, it rewards skilled hands with the ability to create bold yet delicate lines and glistening, elegant finishes.

Iqaluit, “the place of many fish,” is near the Sylvia Grinnell River. Local sculptors have long carved the region’s stone into works that balance strong form with cultural expression, carrying forward traditions rooted in the land.

Puvirnituq, on Hudson Bay, is known for early works in fine-grained black argillite and locally quarried steatite. Sculptors often focus on traditional subjects, like birds, rendered with graceful clarity and carefully incised details that convey both form and spirit.

Salluit/Sugluk artists historically worked steatite to create scenes of survival—hunting, life, and resilience in the Arctic.  The community stands out for the contributions of women carvers, whose works added unique voices to the region’s artistic legacy.

Together, these stones—serpentine, steatite, argillite—carry the stories of their landscapes, shaped by sculptors who reveal both the strength of their traditions and the inner life of the material itself.

Bibliography

 

Barz, Sandra B.  Inuit Artists Print Workbook Volume I.  New York: Arts & Culture of the North, 1981.

________.  Inuit Artists Print Workshop Volume II.  New York: Arts & Culture of the North, 1990.

Blodgett, Jean.  Grasp Tight The Old Ways, Selections from the Klamer Family Collection of Inuit Art.  Toronto: Art Gallery of Ontario, 1983.

________, Marybelle Myers and James Houston.  Port Harrison/Inoucdjouac.  Winnipeg: The Winnipeg Art Gallery, 1977.

________. Povungniuk.  Winnipeg: Winnipeg Art Gallery, 1977.

________.  The Winnipeg Art Gallery, The Zazelenchuk Collection of Eskimo Art.  Winnipeg: Winnipeg Art Gallery, 1978.

________.  Three Women, Three Generations. Drawings by Pitseolak Ashoona, Napatchie Pootoogook and Shuvina Ashoona. McMichael Canadian Art Foundation, Ontario, 1999.

Boas, Franz.  Primitive Art.  New York: Dover Publications, 1955.

Burland, Cottie.  Eskimo Art.  London, UK: Hamlyn Publishing Group Ltd, 1973.

Canadian Arctic Producers.  Aqjangajuk Shaa, Sculpture.  Ottawa: Canadian Arctic Producers, 1983.

Collinson, Helen and George Swinton.  Inuit Games and Contests: the Clifford E. Lee Collection of Prints.  Edmonton: University of Alberta, 1978.

Dorset Fine Arts.  Art Of Cape Dorset.  Toronto: Dorset Fine Arts, 2016.

Driscoll, Bernadette, Ed Horn, Patricia Sieber.  Baker Lake, Prints & Print-Drawings 1970-76.  Winnipeg: Winnipeg Art Gallery, 1982.

Driscoll, Bernadette.  Belcher Islands/Sanikiluaq.  Winnipeg: Winnipeg Art Gallery, 1981.

________. Eskimo Point/Arviat.  Winnipeg: Winnipeg Art Gallery, 1982.

________. Rankin Inlet/Kangirlliniq.  Winnipeg: Winnipeg Art Gallery, 1980.

________.  Uumajut, Animal Imagery In Inuit Art.  Winnipeg: The Winnipeg Art Gallery, 1985.

Ellis, Donald.  Art Of The Arctic, Reflections Of The Unseen.  New York: Donald Ellis Gallery / Black Dog Publishing, 2015.

Evrard, Marcel.  Masterpieces Of Indian and Eskimo Art From Canada.  Paris: Friends Of the Museum of Man Society, 1969

Goetz, Helga.  The Inuit Print.  Ottawa: National Museum of Man, 1977.

Government of Canada.  Inuit Art Section: Catalogue of Services and Collections.  Ottawa: Indian & Northern Affairs Canada, 1984.

Harff, Illi-Maria.  Eskimo Sculpture.  Winnipeg: Winnipeg Art Gallery, 1967.

Hessel, Ingo.  Inuit Art, An Introduction.  Vancouver: Douglas & McIntyre, 1998.

Houston, Alma.  Inuit Art: An Anthology.  Winnipeg, MB: Watson & Dwyer Publishers, 1988.

Houston, James.  Eskimo Graphic Art.  Ottawa: The Queen’s Printer, n.d.

________.  Eskimo Prints.  Barre, MA.: Barre Publishers, 1967.

LaBarge, Dorothy.  From Drawing To Print, Perception and Process in Cape Dorset Art.  Calgary: Glenbow Museum, 1986.

Larmour, W.T.  Inunnit, The Art Of The Canadian Eskimo.  Ottawa: Information Canada, 1974.

Leroux, Odette and Marion E. Jackson, Minnie Aodla Freeman, eds.  Inuit Women Artists: Voices From Cape Dorset.  Vancouver, BC: Douglas & McIntyre, 1994.

Lipton, Barbara.  Arctic Vision, Art Of The Canadian Inuit.  Ottawa: Canadian Arctic Producers, 1984.

Macduff, Alistair and George M. Galpin.  Lords Of The Stone. An Anthology Of Eskimo Sculpture.  North Vancouver, BC: Whitecap Books, 1982.

McGrath, Judy.  Karoo Ashevak 1940-1974, Sculpture.  Winnipeg: The Upstairs Gallery, 1977.

McMaster, Gerald ed.  Inuit Modern: The Samuel and Esther Sarick Collection.  Vancouver, BC: Douglas & McIntyre, 2010.

Meldgaard, Jorgen.  Eskimo Sculpture.  London, England: Methuen & Co. Ltd., 1960.

Miles, Charles.  Indian & Eskimo Artifacts of North America.  New York: Bonanza Books, 1963.

Mitchell, Marybelle. Inuit Art Quarterly, Summer 1991.Vol 6, no.3. Inuit Art Foundation.

________. Inuit Art Quarterly, Summer 2001.Vol 6, no.2. Inuit Art Foundation.

National Gallery of Canada.  Masterpieces Of Indian And Eskimo Art From Canada.  Paris: Society of Friends of the Museum of Man, 1969.

Norton, Derek and Nigel Reading.  Cape Dorset Sculpture.  Vancouver/Seattle WA: Douglas & McIntyre and University of Washington Press, 2005.

Nungak, Zebedee and Eugene Arima.  Eskimo Stories From Povungnituk, Quebec.  Ottawa: The National Museums of Canada, 1969.

Oakes, Jill and Rick Riewe.  Our Boots / An Inuit Women’s Art.  Vancouver/Toronto: Douglas & McIntyre, 1995.

Pilon, Jean-Luc.  First Peoples Of Canada: Masterworks From The Canadian Museum Of Civilization.  Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2013, p. 94-121.

Ray, Dorothy Jean.  Artists of the Tundra and the Sea.  Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1961.

Routledge, Marie.  Inuit Art In The 1970s. Kingston: Agnes Etherington Art Centre, 1979.

Ryan, Terrance P.  Cape Dorset, Selected Sculpture from the Collections of the Winnipeg Art Gallery.  Winnipeg: Winnipeg Art Gallery, 1975.

Schledermann, Peter.  Voices In Stone, A Personal Journey Into the Arctic Past.  Calgary: The Arctic Institute of North American, University of Calgary, 1996.

Settler, Faye, Richard Kroeker and Daryl Kuhl.  Special Small Sculptures.  Winnipeg: The Upstairs Gallery, 2001.

Swinton, George.  Eskimo Sculpture/Sculpture Esquimaude.  Toronto: McClelland & Stewart Ltd., 1965. 

________.  Sculpture of The Eskimo.  Toronto: McClelland & Stewart, 1972.

Vladykov Fisher, Kyra.  Guide To Cape Dorset Artists.  Cape Dorset: Municipality of Cape Dorset, 2008; republished Dorset Fine Arts, Cape Dorset, 2016.

Wight, Darlene.  Creation and Transformation, Defining Moments In Inuit Art.  Vancouver: Douglas & McIntyre/Winnipeg Art Gallery, 2012.

________ .  Holman, Forty Years of Graphic Art.  Winnipeg: Winnipeg Art Gallery, 2001.

Wigmore, Donnalu ed.  Isaacs Seen 50 years On The Art Front, A Gallery Scrapbook.    Toronto: University of Toronto, 2005.

Zepp, Norman.  The Rose Collection Of Inuit Sculpture.  Regina, SK.: Norman Mackenzie Art Gallery, University of Regina, 1983.

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